Vitamin D2, also known as ergocalciferol, is a type of vitamin D. It is primarily sourced from fungi and yeast after UV irradiation [1]. Vitamin D2's main use is to enhance calcium absorption in the gut and maintain adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal bone mineralization [2]. It is commonly used in dietary supplements and for food fortification to help prevent or treat vitamin D deficiency [3].
Vitamin D2 production involves UV irradiation of ergosterol, which is found in fungi and yeast. The UV light converts ergosterol into pre-vitamin D2, which then isomerizes to form vitamin D2 [4]. The vitamin D2 is then purified and crystallized to obtain the final product [4].
Vitamin D2 is utilized in a variety of application scenarios, mainly focusing on improving nutritional content. It is commonly added to milk, cereals, and bread to increase vitamin D levels in these staple foods [5]. Additionally, it is formulated into dietary supplements, including capsules, tablets, and liquid drops, to address vitamin D deficiency in individuals who may not get enough from sunlight or diet alone [6].
Vitamin D2 is typically packaged in airtight containers to protect it from light, moisture, and air. Storage should occur in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and high temperatures, to maintain its stability and potency [7]. It is generally recommended to store vitamin D2 at temperatures below 25°C [7].
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