Vitamin D3 oil, also known as cholecalciferol oil, primarily consists of vitamin D3 dissolved in a carrier oil [1]. The main component, vitamin D3, is typically sourced from lanolin, a natural wax found in sheep's wool, or is produced via chemical synthesis [2]. Vitamin D3 oil is utilized in the food and supplement industries to enhance the vitamin D content of various products due to its fat-soluble nature, which aids in absorption [3].
The production process of vitamin D3 oil generally involves extraction or synthesis of vitamin D3, followed by its dilution in a suitable vegetable oil, like medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil or sunflower oil [4]. The lanolin-derived vitamin D3 undergoes several steps, including irradiation with UV light to convert 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3, which is then isomerized to vitamin D3 [5]. This vitamin D3 is then purified and stabilized before being mixed with the carrier oil to achieve the desired concentration [6].
Vitamin D3 oil is commonly applied in food fortification to increase the nutritional value of foods such as dairy products, cereals, and beverages [7]. It is also a popular ingredient in dietary supplements, including capsules, softgels, and liquid drops, aimed at addressing vitamin D deficiency and supporting bone health [8]. Furthermore, it is used in animal feed to ensure adequate vitamin D levels in livestock [9].
Vitamin D3 oil is typically packaged in airtight containers to prevent oxidation and degradation from light and air [10]. Storage recommendations usually involve keeping the product in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat, to maintain its stability and potency over its specified shelf life [11].
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