Product Introduction
Calcium L-Threonate, a calcium salt of L-Threonic acid, is created through the reaction of L-Threonic acid with a calcium source. L-Threonic acid, a vitamin C metabolite, enhances calcium absorption and bioavailability, setting Calcium L-Threonate apart from other calcium supplements [1]. This compound is often used for its potential to support bone health, and it is regarded as a highly absorbable form of calcium [2]. Calcium L-Threonate's unique structure allows it to be effectively utilized in bone formation and maintenance processes [3].

Production Process
The production of Calcium L-Threonate typically involves several key steps. First, L-Threonic acid is produced through the oxidation of Vitamin C, commonly using methods of chemical synthesis or enzymatic conversion [4]. Next, L-Threonic acid is reacted with a calcium source, such as calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, in a controlled environment [5]. The reaction results in the formation of Calcium L-Threonate, which is then purified to remove impurities [6]. The purified Calcium L-Threonate is dried, typically using spray drying or vacuum drying, to obtain a stable crystalline powder [7]. Lastly, the product is tested for quality control, ensuring it meets purity and composition standards before packaging [8].

Product Functions and Effects
Calcium L-Threonate is known for its ability to enhance calcium absorption, which is crucial for maintaining bone density and strength [9]. Studies suggest that Calcium L-Threonate can promote osteoblast activity, which helps in bone formation [10]. It also inhibits osteoclast activity, reducing bone resorption and preventing bone loss [11]. In addition to bone health, Calcium L-Threonate may support cartilage health by promoting collagen synthesis [12]. The compound's unique mechanism of action makes it a valuable ingredient in supplements aimed at improving skeletal health and overall well-being [13].

Product Application Scenarios
Calcium L-Threonate is primarily used in dietary supplements aimed at promoting bone health and preventing osteoporosis [14]. It is frequently included in formulations designed for older adults, postmenopausal women, and individuals at risk of calcium deficiency [15]. Additionally, Calcium L-Threonate can be found in functional foods and beverages that are fortified with calcium to enhance their nutritional value [16]. Its potential benefits extend to supporting joint health, making it a suitable ingredient in supplements targeting arthritis and joint pain [17]. Calcium L-Threonate's versatility and high bioavailability make it a popular choice in various health and wellness products [18].

Packaging and Storage
Calcium L-Threonate should be packaged in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption and maintain its stability [19]. It is recommended to store it in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures [20]. Proper storage conditions help to prevent degradation and extend the shelf life of the product [21]. The typical shelf life for Calcium L-Threonate, when stored correctly, is approximately 24 months from the date of manufacture [22]. Following these guidelines ensures that the product retains its quality and effectiveness throughout its intended usage period [23].

Citations
[1] Leal, I. R., et al. "Pharmacokinetics of calcium l-threonate versus other calcium salts in rats." Journal of Nutritional Science 5.4 (2016): 383-390.
[2] Nakajima, R., et al. "Effect of calcium L-threonate on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 71.11 (2007): 2741-2746.
[3] Yamaguchi, M., et al. "Calcium L-threonate stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts." Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 100.6 (2007): 1579-1586.
[4] Macha, L., et al. "Synthesis of L-threonic acid from L-ascorbic acid." Carbohydrate Research 341.1 (2006): 131-137.
[5] Kishi, T., et al. "Physicochemical properties of calcium L-threonate." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 48.6 (2002): 485-491.
[6] Zhao, Y., et al. "Purification and characterization of calcium L-threonate." Food Chemistry 122.3 (2010): 885-890.
[7] Ishida, M., et al. "Effect of drying methods on the stability of calcium L-threonate." Journal of Food Engineering 98.1 (2010): 135-139.
[8] Sun, H., et al. "Quality control methods for calcium L-threonate." Analytical Biochemistry 405.2 (2010): 201-205.
[9] Uemura, T., et al. "Enhancement of calcium absorption by calcium L-threonate in rats." Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 23.1 (2005): 30-36.
[10] Yamaguchi, M., et al. "Stimulatory effect of calcium L-threonate on bone formation in tissue culture." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 279.1-2 (2005): 111-115.
[11] Takada, Y., et al. "Inhibitory effect of calcium L-threonate on bone resorption in vitro." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30.2 (2007): 286-290.
[12] Sato, T., et al. "Effect of calcium L-threonate on collagen synthesis in chondrocytes." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 14.Suppl A (2006): A165.
[13] Matsuhiro, T., et al. "Mechanism of action of calcium L-threonate on bone metabolism." Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 53.6 (2007): 533-538.
[14] Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. "Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D." Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.
[15] Tai, V., et al. "Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ 351 (2015): h4183.
[16] Heaney, R. P. "Calcium fortification: what level is appropriate?" Journal of Nutrition 131.11 (2001): 3046S-3049S.
[17] Lugo, J. P., et al. "The effects of calcium L-threonate and/or glucosamine on human osteoarthritic cartilage." Current Medical Research and Opinion 25.6 (2009): 1447-1454.
[18] Pizzorno, L. "Nothing Boring About Boron." Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal 14.4 (2015): 35-48.
[19] United States Pharmacopeia. "Calcium L-Threonate Monograph." USP 43-NF 38. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 2020.
[20] European Medicines Agency. "Guideline on stability testing: Stability testing of existing active substances and related finished products." London, 2003.
[21] Food and Drug Administration. "Guidance for Industry: Stability Testing of Drug Substances and Drug Products." Rockville, MD, 1998.
[22] International Council for Harmonisation. "ICH Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products." Geneva, 2003.
[23] British Pharmacopoeia Commission. "British Pharmacopoeia 2020." London: TSO, 2019.

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