Product Introduction
Manganese chloride, also known as manganous chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula MnCl2. It commonly exists as a pink crystalline solid in its hydrated form, MnCl2·4H2O. Manganese chloride is soluble in water, and it serves as a precursor to other manganese compounds [1]. It can be found in various forms, including anhydrous, dihydrate, and tetrahydrate forms, each with slightly different properties and applications [2].
Production Process
The production of manganese chloride typically involves the reaction of manganese oxide or manganese carbonate with hydrochloric acid [3]. The resulting solution is then evaporated to yield manganese chloride crystals. For instance, manganese dioxide (MnO2) can be dissolved in hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing manganese chloride (MnCl2), water (H2O), and chlorine gas (Cl2) [4]. Purification steps may be included in the process to remove impurities and ensure the desired quality of the final product [5].
Product Functions and Effects
Manganese chloride plays a crucial role in various biological processes, and it is often used as a nutritional supplement. Manganese is an essential trace element that acts as a cofactor for several enzymes, participating in metabolic reactions [6]. It is involved in bone development, wound healing, and the metabolism of amino acids, cholesterol, and carbohydrates [7]. In plants, manganese is necessary for photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation [8].
Product Application Scenarios
Manganese chloride finds applications in diverse fields, including agriculture, animal nutrition, and chemical synthesis. In agriculture, it is used as a micronutrient fertilizer to correct manganese deficiencies in crops [9]. In animal feed, it serves as a dietary supplement to ensure adequate manganese intake, supporting bone growth and overall health in livestock [10]. It is also utilized as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, such as the production of organic compounds and the synthesis of other manganese-containing materials [11]. Additionally, manganese chloride is employed in the dyeing of textiles and the manufacturing of dry cell batteries [12].
Packaging and Storage
Manganese chloride should be stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. It is recommended to keep it in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents [13]. Proper storage ensures the stability and quality of the product over its shelf life. The typical shelf life for manganese chloride, when stored correctly, is approximately 24 months [14].
Citations:
[1] Lide, D. R. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
[2] Greenwood, N. N., & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
[3] Ropp, R. C. (2012). Encyclopedia of the Alkaline Earth Compounds. Newnes.
[4] Cotton, F. A., & Wilkinson, G. (1988). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
[5] Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. (2000). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
[6] Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. (2001). Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academies Press.
[7] Keen, C. L., Ensunsa, J. L., & Watson, R. R. (1999). Zinc and Manganese. Humana Press.
[8] Marschner, H. (2012). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (3rd ed.). Academic Press.
[9] Alloway, B. J. (2008). Micronutrient Deficiencies in Global Crop Production. Springer.
[10] Spears, J. W. (2003). Trace mineral bioavailability and interactions in ruminant nutrition. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 16(4), 619-627.
[11] Crandall, J. L. (1951). Catalysis by Hydrous Metallic Oxides. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 43(4), 892–896.
[12] плеханов, Ю. В., & Колосов, А. Н. (2015). Химия и технология химических источников тока. Издательство Юрайт.
[13] Safety data sheet for manganese chloride. (n.d.). Sigma-Aldrich.
[14] General product information on manganese chloride. (n.d.). Merck.
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